Directive Principles of State Policy

Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)

Part IV (Articles 36-51)
Inspired by: Irish Constitution (Gandhian, Socialist, Liberal-Intellectual principles)

Key Features:

1. Non-Justiciable: Not enforceable by courts (Article 37), but fundamental in governance.
2. Welfare State Goals: Guide governments to promote social, economic, and political justice.

Classification of DPSPs

1. Socialist Principles

• Article 38: Promote welfare via minimizing inequality.
• Article 39: Equal pay for equal work (men/women), livelihood rights, child welfare.
• Article 41: Right to work, education, public assistance (unemployment, old age).
• Article 42: Just working conditions & maternity relief.

2. Gandhian Principles

• Article 40: Organize village panchayats (decentralized governance).
• Article 43: Promote cottage industries (Khadi & rural economy).
• Article 46: Protect SCs/STs from exploitation.
• Article 47: Prohibit intoxicating drugs & improve public health.

3. Liberal-Intellectual Principles

• Article 44: Uniform Civil Code (pending implementation).
• Article 45: Free & compulsory education for children (now a Fundamental Right under Article 21A).
• Article 48: Protect cows & improve animal husbandry.
• Article 49: Preserve monuments of national importance.
• Article 50: Separate judiciary from executive.
• Article 51: Promote international peace (e.g., UN Charter).