Historical Foundations of the Indian Constitution
- British Colonial Legacy:
- Borrowed features from Government of India Acts (1919 & 1935) like federal structure, provincial autonomy, and parliamentary system.
- Regulating Act of 1773: First step toward central administration.
- Freedom Struggle Influences:
- Demands of Early Nationalists: Representative governance (e.g., Indian Councils Act 1892).
- 1919 Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms: Introduced dyarchy (dual governance).
- Key Committees & Drafting:
- Constituent Assembly (1946): Elected to draft the Constitution.
- Drafting Committee (1947): Chaired by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (“Father of the Indian Constitution”).
- Philosophical Inspirations:
- Preamble: Reflects ideals of Justice, Liberty, Equality (inspired by French Revolution).
- Fundamental Rights: Borrowed from U.S. Constitution.
- Directive Principles: Inspired by Irish Constitution.
- Salient Features:
- World’s Longest Constitution: 395 Articles, 12 Schedules (originally).
- Blend of Rigidity & Flexibility: Allows amendments (Art. 368).
